Part+3


 *  Plant Cloning[[image:plant_cloning align="right"]] **

**Describe:** Plant cloning is making identical and multiple copies of a particular plant. The ability to be totipotent means that mature cells can dedifferentiate and and after that give rise to all specialized cell types of the organism.

**Analyze:** A small amount of cells are taken from a certain plant. The cells are transferred to plates that are filled with a sterile nutrient agar jelly. Auxins are added to this to prepare the cells for mitosis and the small masses of tissue will grow at a very fast rate. To prepare for the process of stem and root growth, growth hormones are added and lastly tiny plantlets are put into potting trays where they can develop into an adult plant.

**Apply:** Plant cloning is used in commercial farming for reproducing many plants. It is also used to reproduce a plant with some valuable characteristics, like an ability to resist a plant pathogen.

**Synthesize:** Plant cloning reminds me of recording a TV show. The recorded copy is exactly the same as the original TV show just as the plant clone is like the original plant.

**Argue:** Plant cloning is a positive thing but also can be negative. Positives are is that it is useful in the prevention of plant diseases, plants can be manipulated to have a superior nutritional quality possibly resulting in decreases in nutritional deficiencies, and cloned plants are more predictable that just normal plants. The negatives of this is that negative health affects could occur like cancer and other genetic abnormalities.

[|Plant Cloning]

**Sources:** AP Biology Textbook, [], http://www.slideshare.net/roorensu/plant-cloning-presentation-413164

**Animal Cloning ** **Describe:** Animal cloning is taking a single cell from a parent and making an entirely new organism which contains the same exact DNA as its parent. **Analyze:** A method used in cloning is called nuclear transplantation. In this process cells from one organism are extracted and semi-starved. Then, an egg from a different organism is extracted. The two cells will then fuse and will be grow n in culture. Last, they will be implanted into a third organism who is serving as the surrogate. The embryo will develop and the final result will be a cloned animal. **Apply:** Animal cloning can be used in livestock production, which is what it was used for when the first animal, Dolly, was cloned. Animals like cows, sheep, and goats are cloned to produce certain drugs and proteins that can be eventually used in medicines. **Synthesize:** This procedure makes me think of taking an original document to a copy machine and making an exact copy of it. **Argue:** I think this process is a negative thing. Although it might be positive in some aspects, it is mostly negative. Most cloned embryos do not develop normally. Because they are not developed normally it caused them to have defects. This was shown in Dolly, the first animal cloned. Cloned animals also have many other health issues like live failure, they are prone to obesity, pneumonia and premature death. Even though the animal may look normal more than likely it has defects. media type="youtube" key="JpNlifLSmiY" height="390" width="480" **Sources:** AP Biology textbook, http://www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-cloning/